What role do transformers play in electrical infrastructure?

Transformers play a critical role in electrical infrastructure by converting high voltage electricity to lower voltages. This process is essential for safely distributing electricity to homes and businesses. High voltage levels are used for efficient transmission over long distances because they minimize energy losses due to resistance in the wires. However, this high voltage is not suitable for direct use in households or commercial establishments, where lower voltage levels are needed for appliances and equipment.

Transformers work on the principle of electromagnetic induction, facilitating this conversion without changing the overall power (watts) transmitted, which is the product of voltage and current. By stepping down the voltage while concurrently increasing the current (although essential current flow is not directly increased by transformers but is a consequence of lower voltage), transformers enable the practical use of electricity in everyday applications.

This function makes transformers pivotal in the electrical grid, ensuring that electricity generated at power plants is safely and effectively delivered to end-users at voltages that are appropriate for consumption.