What is the role of insulation in electrical systems?

Insulation plays a critical role in electrical systems primarily by protecting conductors from short circuits. It serves as a barrier that prevents unintended contact between conductive materials or between conductors and other conductive surfaces. When wires are insulated, they are safeguarded against accidental contact that could lead to short circuits, which occur when electrical current flows along an unintended path, potentially causing equipment damage, system failures, or safety hazards, such as fires or electrical shocks.

In addition to preventing short circuits, insulation also helps reduce energy loss due to leakage currents and provides safety by ensuring that high voltage wires do not come into contact with grounded surfaces or other conductive materials. This protective function is vital for the overall integrity and reliability of electrical systems, ensuring that they operate within safe parameters.